centromere - attachment point for chromosome chromosome - has one centromere, might consist of 1 chromatid or 2 sister chromatids chromatid - hunk of DNA, might be a chromosome, or a sister chromatid chromatin - unravelled DNA
Interphase
Meiosis I
isotonic - same water concentration in and outside anabolism - builds molecules by consuming energy catabolism - process of breaking down molecules for energy krebs cycle/citric acid cycle - cycle where organisms breakdown carbs/fats/etc for energy
ribosomes - produce protein mitochondria - create ATP during cellular respiration lysosome - handle waste in a cell endocytic vesicles - the cell wall "eats" a particle centriole - where microtubules attach during reproduction
genus species
*arthropoda* - insects, bees aves - birds annelid - segmented worms nematoda - round worms porifera - sponge cnidaria - jellyfish sporophyte - fern prothallus - also a fern bryphytes - mosses, no xylem, phloem
differential reproduction - the fittest organisms will survive long enough to reproduce hardy-weinberg - genotypes stay the same in the absence of environmental factors allopatric speciation - separation of organisms results in separate evolutionary paths
K selected - describes organisms with low growth rates, low mortality, long parental care
cofactor - complementary molecule that works with an enzyme to catalyze stuff
spiracles - respiratory organs
phloem - carries nutrients xylem - carries water meristem - allows roots to grow quickly
calvin cycle - light independent reactions inside a plant photolysis - process of breaking down molecules by light angiosperm - flowering gymnosperm - seeding phototropism - orient towards light saphrophytic - feeding on dead matter
epi - iso - ecto - meso -
pre-cambrian - some soft-bodied organisms, plants cambrian - large emergence of multicellular organisms mesozoic - dinosaurs, ended with mass extinction cenozoic - current era, flowering plants paleozoic
cerebrum - speech cerebellum - motor skills forebrain - smell pituitary gland - controls other glands and hormones (master gland) pancreas - makes insulin
collagen - connective tissue (vitamin C helps with its creation) vitamins - organic cofactors
germ layers - the various layers in an embryo endoderm layer - gut lining and internals mesoderm - muscles, skeleton, reproductory ectoderm - skin